Electromagnetic oil pipe plugger

ABSTRACT

An electromagnetic chemical adhesive pipe plugging system is provided, including an elongated hollow injection quill, said quill having a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic jaws, a plurality of circumferentially spaced shoes, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic heads, wherein the magnetic jaws, shoes, and magnetic heads are capable of being pushed radially outward into gripping engagement with the inner diameter of a pipe assisted by chemical adhesive bonds against the pressure forces acting thereon, and the magnetic heads are capable of creating an intense magnetic field. Methods and means of deploying, positioning, maintaining, controlling, and operating the system are also provided and include insertion through the BOP primary exit line or choke and kill lines within a BOP device.

Continuation-in Part U.S. application Ser. No. 14/463,565 filed Sep. 22, 2014

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. non-provisional application Ser. No. 13/152,937 filed on Jun. 3, 2011 which claims the benefit of prior U.S. Provisional Applications No. 61/351,132, filed Jun. 3, 2010; No. 61/351,612, filed Jun. 4, 2010; No. 61/353,092, filed Jun. 9, 2010; and No. 61/354,838, filed Jun. 15, 2010.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for plugging oil well pipes, pipelines, and gaps in metal bodies, and in a particular though non-limiting embodiment, to a method and apparatus for plugging pipelines utilizing in-situ electromagnetic chemical adhesive packed bed technology on a rapidly deployable basis.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

An oil well blowout is the uncontrolled release of oil and/or natural gas on land or below water that occurs when pressure control equipment fails. Prior to the invention of oil well pressure control equipment in the 1920's, blowouts were part of the oil drilling process and commonly referred to as oil gushers. Pressure control equipment is best explained by lumping equipment into two (2) major categories: (1) drilling techniques and (2) blowout preventers.

Drilling techniques are the first line of defense and involve varying the density of the drilling fluid to overcome the downhole pressure of newly drilled zones. If a high pressure zone is drilled into, the drilling liquid reservoir (mud pits) increase in level. On the other hand, if a low pressure vacuous zone is drilled into, the mud pits decrease in level. A rapid increase or decrease in mud pit levels may lead to a blowout if the mud engineer is not able to increase the density and/or volume of the mud to counteract a rapid loss of mud or a rapid increase in downhole pressure.

Blowout preventers (“BOP”) were introduced in the 1920's and are installed at the wellhead in the event that drilling techniques fail and a high pressure release occurs.

When an oil well fails to contain reserves underground with conventional defensive technology such as mud and BOP devices, there currently is not an effective technology to kill the runaway oil well.

Current well-kill technology is largely defensive rather than offensive in nature. When the defensive measure fails, no rapid response offensive measure exists. The only proven offensive response is a bottom kill, which requires drilling a new well-hole subsequently followed by shut-in of the runaway well permanently.

Furthermore, conventional defensive technology, such as mud and BOP devices, are not retrievable.

The time lag associated with an oil well blowing out, flowing into the ocean, and final capping catalyzed by the drilling of relief wells costs oil companies, government, and local industry hundreds of millions of dollars. The costs include lost opportunity and increased insurance premiums and environmental damage to name a few. For example a 15,000 barrels per day (“bpd”) oil well leak in the Gulf of Mexico when crude oil is trading at WTI $70.00/bbl results in a daily economic loss of $1,000,000 not counting environmental impact, mobilized manpower, and associated lawsuits.

An extreme oil leak case in the Gulf of Mexico that occurred in the 1970's, known as the Ixtoc I Pemex Oil Spill, resulted in 3,000,000 barrels of crude oil released into the Gulf. The Ixtoc incident lasted for 294 days at an average release rate of 10,204 bpd. The economic loss solely attributed to depleted reserves from the Ixtoc I Oil Spill today would represent a whopping $210,000,000 excluding mobilized manpower, environmental impact, and associated lawsuits.

There is, therefore, an important and as yet unmet need for an oil pipe plugger that overcomes the problems currently existing in the art, and which allows an oil well to be repaired in a safe, reliable, timely, cost-effective, and environmentally-friendly manner, and which allows the well to be used again.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An electromagnetic pipe plugging system is provided, including an elongated hollow injection quill, said quill having a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic jaws, a plurality of circumferentially spaced shoes, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic heads, wherein the magnetic jaws, shoes, and magnetic heads are capable of being pushed radially outward into gripping engagement with the inner diameter or outer diameter within an annular space of a pipe against the pressure forces acting thereon, and the magnetic heads combined with injected chemical adhesive between the magnetics, pipe wall, and packed bed of metal fragments and adhesive are capable of creating a plug inside of the pipe to stop or significantly reduce the flow leaving the pipe.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The embodiments disclosed herein will be better understood, and numerous objects, features, and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view of an electromagnetic oil pipe plugger system, according to one example embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of one section of the plugger system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

The Electro Magnetic Oil Pipe Plugger (“EMOPP”) as disclosed herein is able to plug leaking oil pipes above ground, in the ground, or underwater immediately upon detection. EMOPP minimizes economic losses associated with oil leakage into bodies of water, mitigation of environmental impacts on aquatic life, coastlines, regional zones, and destruction of industries that depend on an environmentally sound aquatic ecosystem (i.e. fishing and tourism).

In an example embodiment, EMOPP shortens the oil well shut-in time period from months to hours. Minimizing the time an oil well leak occurs by using EMOPP is a win-win for the oil companies, governments, and environmental activists. EMOPP does not exclude traditional oil field service well-kill operations, but enhances their effectiveness by adding a new tool to the toolbox, thus providing a rapidly deployable oil leak solution in combination with traditional tried and proven oil field service technology.

The description that follows includes a number of exemplary system designs and methods of use that embody advantages of the presently inventive subject matter. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the disclosed embodiments will admit to practice without some of the specific details recited herein. In other instances, well-known oil plugging equipment, protocols, structures and techniques have not been described or shown in detail in order to avoid obfuscation of the invention.

FIG. 1 depicts a first example embodiment of an electromagnetic oil pipe plugger system 101. In its simplest form, the system comprises an elongated hollow injection quill 102, a magnetic particle collector comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic heads 103, a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic jaws 104, and a stabilizer comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced shoes 105. The magnetic particle collector 103, magnetic jaws 104, and stabilizer 105 are attached to a power source 108.

The injection quill 102 fits inside of a wellhead pipe 106 in need of plugging, creating an annular space 107 between the injection quill 102 and the wellhead pipe 106 or may fit within an existing annular space.

While FIG. 1 appears to depict only two shoes 105, six magnetic heads 103, and six magnetic jaws 104, commercial embodiments comprising multiple combinations of shoes, magnetic heads, and magnetic jaws are presently contemplated and described below. Nonetheless, those of skill in the pertinent arts will readily appreciate that description of a limited system with singular elements is illustrative, and will not limit the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein.

In the first step of the disclosed method according to a preferred embodiment, the user activates the magnetic jaws 104 and stabilizer 105, causing the magnetic jaws 104 and the stabilizer shoes 105 to be pushed radially outward into gripping engagement with the inner diameter of the wellhead pipe 106, against the pressure forces acting thereon.

In another example embodiment, an adhesive is applied or injected through to the surface of the magnetic jaws 104 once the injection quill has been inserted 102 into the wellhead pipe 106, so as to further secure the plugger system 101 inside of the wellhead pipe 106 against shear force.

In the next step according to an example embodiment, the user activates the magnetic particle collector 103, causing the magnetic heads 103 to be pushed radially outward into gripping engagement with the inner diameter of the wellhead pipe 106, creating an intense magnetic field in the annular space 107.

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the injection quill 102 with attached magnetic heads 103, circumferentially spaced around the injection quill 102 and in gripping engagement with the inner diameter of the wellhead pipe 106 upon activation of the magnetic particle collector 103.

According to the next step in an example embodiment, a slurry carrier comprising metallic particles and adhesive is injected into the injection quill 102 via an insertion valve 109, at a rate sufficient to overcome the flow of fluid 111 in the wellhead pipe 106. The slurry carrier exits the bottom end of the injection quill 102 and accumulates in the annular space 107 and is trapped by the magnetic field and binded by the adhesive.

The adhesive is a two-part epoxy or cyanoacrylate (collectively, for convenience, “two-part epoxy”) in a mixture which causes a phase change from liquid to solid. To further clarify, the two-part epoxy mixture upon curing/setting, changes phase from the injected liquid to a solid so as to form a plug.

We do not claim to have created the two-part epoxy in a mixture. A typical formula for the two-part epoxy, which was tested here, was comprised of: Hydrous magnesium silicate, Oxirane, 2,2-[(1-methylethylidene) bis (4,1-phenyleneoxymethylene)] bis, homopolymer, Titanium oxide, Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether-bisphenol A copolymer, Chlorite-group minerals, Phenol, 2,4,6-tris [(dimethylamino)methyl]—, Silica, Silica-crystaline.

We also successfully tested a two-part epoxy in a mixture, comprised of: Fatty acids, C19-unsaturated, dimers, reaction products with Polyethylenepolyamines, Oxirane, 2,2′,2″-[methylidynetris(phenyleneoxymethylene)] tris—, Phenol, polymer with formaldehyde, glycidyl ether, hydrous magenesium silicate, silica cristobalite, silica quartz, 2-propenenitrile, polymer with 1,2-butadiene, 1-cyano-1-methyl-4-oxo-4-[[2-(1-piperazinyl) ethyl]amino]butyl-terminated, chlorite-group minerals, formaldehyde, polymer with N,N′-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine and phenol, 1,2-thanediamine, —[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]—, phenol. Other chemical combinations and cyanoacrylates are possible without material deviation from the invention.

Next, a cement mixture or other substance is injected into the injection quill 102 via a second insertion valve 110, at a rate sufficient to overcome the flow of fluid 111 in the wellhead pipe 106. The mixture accumulates in the annular space 107, further plugging the wellhead pipe 106.

In a preferred embodiment, the substance injected during this step is a magnetorheological fluid (“MR fluid”). In general, an MR fluid comprises a carrier fluid and microscopic magnetic particles. When subjected to a magnetic field, the MR fluid's apparent viscosity greatly increases, becoming a viscoelastic solid.

Upon completion of the above steps, an in-situ electromagnetic packed polymer/MR fluid bed serves to plug the pipe 106 and prevent the fluid 111 from exiting the pipe 106 or well.

While the invention has been depicted and described in detail above with respect to several exemplary embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate that minor changes to the description, and various other modifications, omissions and additions may also be made without departing from either the spirit or scope thereof. 

1. A method of plugging an oil pipe, comprising: providing a pipe, said pipe having an upstream end and a downstream end, wherein fluid is flowing in the pipe from the upstream end to the downstream end; inserting an electromagnetic chemical adhesive oil pipe plugger into the downstream end of the pipe in an axial direction through any available injection lines, creating an annular space between the pipe and the plugger, said plugger comprising: an elongated hollow injection quill, said injection quill having an open upper end and an open lower end; a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic jaws, said magnetic jaws affixed to the outer diameter of the injection quill; a stabilizer, said stabilizer comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced shoes, said shoes affixed to the outer diameter of the injection quill and being spaced from the magnetic jaws; and a magnetic particle collector, said magnetic particle collector comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic heads, said magnetic heads affixed to the outer diameter of the injection quill and being spaced from the stabilizer; activating the magnetic jaws and stabilizer, wherein the magnetic jaws and the shoes are pushed radially outward into gripping engagement with the inner diameter of said pipe against the pressure forces acting thereon and assisted by chemical adhesive, activating the magnetic particle collector, causing the magnetic heads to be pushed radially outward into gripping engagement with the inner diameter of said pipe against the pressure forces acting thereon, and creating an intense magnetic field in the annular space between the inner diameter of the pipe and the outer diameter of the injection quill assisted by chemical adhesive bonds between the magnetic metal array and pipe wall; injecting a slurry carrier into the open upper end of the injection quill at a rate sufficient to overcome the flow of fluid in the pipe, said slurry carrier comprising metallic particles and chemical adhesive, wherein the slurry carrier accumulates in the annular space and is trapped by the magnetic field; injecting a chemical adhesive which is a two-part epoxy in a mixture into the open upper end of the injection quill at a rate sufficient to overcome the flow of fluid in the pipe.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said magnetic jaws further comprise an adhesive, wherein the adhesive is com-pressed on the inner diameter or outer diameter of said pipe upon activation of the magnetic jaws.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture is a magnetorheological fluid.
 4. An electromagnetic oil pipe plugger comprising: an elongated hollow injection quill, said injection quill having an open upper end and an open lower end; a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic jaws, said magnetic jaws affixed to the outer diameter of the injection quill; a stabilizer, said stabilizer comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced shoes, said shoes affixed to the outer diameter of the injection quill and being spaced from the magnetic jaws; and a magnetic particle collector, said magnetic particle collector comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnetic heads, said magnetic heads affixed to the outer diameter of the injection quill and being spaced from the stabilizer assisted by chemical adhesive bonds; wherein the magnetic jaws and the shoes are capable of being pushed radially outward into gripping engagement with the inner diameter of a pipe with chemical adhesive bond assistance against the pressure forces acting thereon, further wherein the magnetic heads are capable of being pushed radially outward into gripping engagement with the inner diameter of said pipe against the pressure forces acting thereon, and are capable of creating an intense magnetic field assisted by chemical adhesive bonds caused by a two-part epoxy in a mixture.
 5. The plugger of claim 4, wherein the magnetic jaws and an in-situ adhesive packed bed plug further comprise an adhesive.
 6. The plugger of claim 4, further comprising an external mechanical band fastener attached to the outer diameter of the open upper end of the injection quill. 